The Juvenile and Family Courts consist of the Central Juvenile and Family Court and the Provincial Juvenile and Family Courts. Two career judges and two lay judges, one of those must be a woman, constitute a quorum of the Juvenile and Family Courts. An appeal against a judgment or order of the Juvenile and Family Courts lies with the Courts of Appeal for Specialized Cases.
The purposes of establishment of the Juvenile and Family Courts is to improve on rights protection, welfare and practices for children, women and members of the family including setting up the procedure in the Juvenile and Family Courts to be in line with the Constitution, the Convention on the Rights of the Child and the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against women.
The Labour Courts consist of one Central Labour Court in Bangkok and nine Regional Labour Court. They were established under the Act on Establishment of Labour Courts and Labour Court Procedure B.E. 2522 (1979). The establishment of the Labour Courts is to ensure that specific and technical problems regarding labour cases will be solved by appropriate adjudicators. Apart from professional judge who is appointed because of competent knowledge on labour cases, lay judges also involve constituting a quorum.
The hierarchy of the Labour courts is equal to court of first instance having jurisdiction over the cases concerning employment contract as well as rights and obligation under the Labour Protection Act, Labour Relations Act, Workmen’s Compensation Act, and Social Security Act.
The Central Tax Court was established under Act on the Establishment of and Procedure for Tax Court B.E. 2528 (1985) in order to ensure that specific and technical problems regarding tax cases will be solved by appropriate adjudicators.
The Central Tax Court is the Court of First Instance for all tax cases throughout the Kingdom. It was empowered authority to try the following cases:
- Appeals against the decision of tax officers or committees
- Disputes over the claims of state tax obligations
- Disputes over tax refunds
- Disputes over rights or obligations concerning tax collections. Disputes over the right or obligations regarding tax collection obligations
- Other cases made subject to the Act as prescribed by other laws.
At present, the Central Bankruptcy Court is situated at Ratchadaphisek Road, Chatuchak, Bangkok.
The Central Intellectual Property and International Trade Court was established due to the notion that the characteristics of the intellectual property and international trade cases are different from other general cases and should be handled by judges and associate judges who have expertise in those area.
The Central Intellectual Property and International Trade Court was established under the Act on the Establishment of and Procedure for Intellectual Property and International Trade Court B.E.2539 (1996), having power to adjudicate civil and criminal cases in relation to intellectual property and international trade. Currently, as regional Intellectual Property and International Trade Courts have not yet been established, the jurisdiction of the Central Intellectual Property and International Trade Court therefore covers the entire Kingdom according to transitional provision of the law.
At present, the Central Intellectual Property and International Trade Court is situated at Ratchaburi Direkrit Building, The Government Complex, Chaengwattana Rd. Laksi District, Bangkok.
The Central Bankruptcy Court was established under Act on the Establishment of and Procedure for Bankruptcy Court B.E. 2542 (1999) in order to ensure that specific and technical problems regarding bankruptcy cases will be solved by appropriate adjudicators.
The Central Bankruptcy Court was empowered its jurisdiction over Bangkok. Technically in accordance with the transitional provision of aforementioned act, the Central Bankruptcy Court also has its jurisdiction over the area throughout Thailand in which no bankruptcy court was established. Cases brought to the Central Bankruptcy Court are civil cases, criminal cases, reorganization cases according to the Bankruptcy Act. B.E. 2483 (1940)
At present, the Central Bankruptcy Court is situated at Ratchaburi Direkrit Building, The Government Complex, Chaengwattana Rd. Laksi District, Bangkok.